Human And Natural Drivers Of Climate Change - 1732 Words

Climate Change in relation to Architecture Tallis Holloway - s5015034 There are many human and natural drivers of climate change, cities and buildings in particular are increasingly affected by risks linked to rapid environmental changes and their impact themselves on the atmosphere however architect s can help limit many contributing factors. This paper examines the role of this profession, architecture s contribution to climate change mitigation/adaption and how architect s can assist in limiting the threat of global warming thus enforcing sustainability. Architect s provide information to clients and management about design, size, materials and costs associated with new buildings and alterations to existing buildings. They further associate with compiling and analysing data on economic, legal, political, cultural, demographic, sociological, physical and environmental factors affecting land use (ANZSCO 2009, Minor Group 232). The role of this profession and the management of new sustainable buildings can manage the alterations to the climatic equilibrium, thus contribute to mitigate and adapt to these shifting conditions. Building s trigger large amounts of CO2, causing them to consequently contribute a vast majority of the energy consumption worldwide , however new advanced design strategies and sustainable technologies can be incorporated into existing/new building s in order to decrease emissions, mitigating long-term impacts and adapt to short-term to theShow MoreRelatedClimate Change : The Greenhouse Effect1199 Words   |  5 Pagesexistence, climate change has occurred. Temperatures, sea levels, quantities of gases in the atmosphere, and levels of precipitation have risen and fallen over a span of billions of years. However, over the last two centuries, climate change has been far too drastic to be caused by natural forces alone. Globally, the alterations in temperatures, sea levels, precipitation, melting of ice caps and glaciers, and violence of natural disasters are clearly caused by another factor, in addition to natural climateRead MoreClimate Change Is Our Fault922 Words   |  4 Pages Climate Change is Our Fault The truth is earth is heating up and it is partially humans fault. The simplest of human activities can alter the climates to change. Humans are not the only climate drivers. There are also natural factors (â€Å"How Much Does Human Activity Affect Climate Change?†). The earth is changing due to the climate changes . For future generations the earth may perhaps look different (Nuccitelli). Human activity is advancing global climate change rapidly. Humans are the main factorRead MoreHumans And The Climate By Wendy Diep1617 Words   |  7 Pages11:628:125:90 â€Å"Humans and the Climate† Wendy Diep December 18, 2014 â€Å"Humans and the Climate† â€Å"Global warming, along with the cutting and burning of forests and other critical habitats, is causing the loss of living species at a level comparable to the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. That event was believed to have been caused by a giant asteroid. This time it is not an asteroid colliding with the Earth and wreaking havoc: it is us.† This is the statementRead MoreThe Ice Of Drilling For Ice Cores1232 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ice Chronicles is an in-depth look at one scientists story of drilling for ice cores in arctic climates. The book also describes how the ice cores are drilled and how the ice cores are processed. The team of scientists use the ice cores and the chemical composition of them to get a better grasp of past climates and climate changes. The main drilling mentioned is the Greenland Ice Sheet Project that was overseen by many agencies and supported by multiple higher-education institutions. The projectRead MoreC limate Change Throughout The World1121 Words   |  5 PagesKrista Falco Professor Brown English 1301, WS5 April 23, 2015 Climate Change Throughout The World Climate change has been an argument going on for years now. Since industrialization, there has been numerous debates asking the question: Is climate change due to natural evolution or is it the human species causing this change? Scientist’s try their best to predict the future, but it is just that, a prediction. Take a meteorologist for example. Your local weatherman states that it is going to rainRead MoreClimate Change : Global Air Temperatures1607 Words   |  7 PagesOur world’s climate is rapidly changing, and those changes will have an enormous impact on our planet’s people, ecosystems, cities, and energy use. Average global air temperatures are already roughly 1.5 degrees higher than they were at the start of the 20th century, and â€Å"have risen about 1 degree over just the last 30 years,† According to the New England aquarium. Climate change can best be described as the long-term change in average weather conditions, including temperature, pre cipitation andRead MoreClimate Changs is Affecting Earths Delicate Ecosystem857 Words   |  3 PagesClimate change is a global problem that is affecting Earth’s delicate ecosystem. Many problems are present in our world today, such as starvation, flooding, heat waves, droughts and disease. These issues are likely to worsen as climate change takes its toll. In the past, the cause of this severe climate change was unknown. Today, it is known that manmade climate change is occurring. Scientists have discovered that humans have had theRead MoreIn the last 100 years, Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1.4 °F. The rising global900 Words   |  4 Pagescaused changes in weather and climate. Global warming refers to the ongoing rise in the average temperature near Earth’s surface. This is causing a climate change, which refers to any significant change (major change in temperature, precipitatio n, or wind patterns) in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time (several decades or longer). Due to this, it is projected that the temperature will rise from 2 to 11.5 °F in the next hundred years (US EPA, 2014). The â€Å"drivers,† whichRead MoreIpcc Status Report on Climate Change Summary Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesIPCC Status Report on Climate Change Summary Abstract The following is a summary of the IPCC Status Report on Climate Change. The following questions will be answered: is climate change occurring? About which aspects of climate change are we certain? Uncertain? What are the main factors determining climate change today? What is the likelihood that humans have caused these changes and what data supports this conclusion? And finally, what information is not yet available or are we unable to accessRead MoreQuantification Of The Contribution Of Human Influences ( Hi ) On Regional Climate Change759 Words   |  4 Pagesthe contribution of human influences (HI) on regional climate change is a focus of climate change research (Dirmeyer et al., 2010; Kalnay and Cai 2003). Quantification of such influences can help us understand regional climate patterns and improve the accuracy and algorithms/mechanism of downscaling general circulation models (Lawrence and Chase, 2010; Li et al., 2012; Zhao and Pitman, 2002). The important human influences o n regional climate are land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) (Pielke et al

Developmental Disabilities A Diverse Group Of Chronic...

School is tough for everyone, but for some it may be way tougher. Students with developmental disabilities face many challenges and have way less opportunities than students without them. My essay will study students with developmental disabilities, how they plan on exploring their everyday life and what they go through on a good and bad day. Developmental disabilities are a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments (Trends In The Prevalence Of Developmental Disabilities In U.S Children, 2015). There are many types of disabilities. For example: intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, Down syndrome, language and learning disorders, cerebral palsy, vision impairment, and hearing loss.†¦show more content†¦Last week, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous ruling on special education in public schools. â€Å"The case, Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District, dealt with a child whose Individualized Education Program had fa iled to help him progress academically despite his academic promise†. In accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act also known as IDEA, IEPs must be â€Å"reasonably calculated to enable the child to achieve passing marks and advance from grade to grade.† The plaintiff’s IEP was found not to meet that standard. â€Å"The Court’s unanimous decision was a victory for special education advocates, especially because the Court proclaimed in its decision that public schools must offer an IEP reasonably calculated to enable a child to make progress appropriate in light of the child’s circumstances.† In other words, children with disabilities cannot receive a public school education that sets the bar so low that they are unreasonably deprived of meaningful instruction and personal development. (Kehrer, Trevor. Disabled students have right to education. Daily Trojan. N.p., 30 Mar. 2017. Web. 01 Apr. 2017.) Every child should have the right to an education regardless of the circumstance. School’s should not choose who gets to learn and who does not. â€Å"It has always been our students who lose out--it is always the kids with disabilities who are thrown under the bus first† (Meeting the Needs Of Students With Disabilities, 2017). People withShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Disability : A Diverse Group Of Chronic Conditions2023 Words   |  9 PagesDevelopmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living. Developmental disabilities are usually identified early in childhood and will probably persist throughout the individual’s lifespan. This paper will identify the various aspects of how developmentalRead MoreManaged Care : A Complex Health Care System1469 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessionals organize in an interrelated system of people and facilities that communicate with one another and work together as a unit, commonly referred to as a network. This network coordinates and arranges health care services and benefits for a specific group of individuals, referred as enrollees, for the purpose of managing costs, quality, and access to health care. The Managed care program may be provided in a variety of settings, such as Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and Preferred Provider OrganizationRead MoreSports and Fitness Center3819 Words   |  16 Pageshealth and functioning, people with disabilities are far less likely to engage in physically active lifestyles than are people without disabilities. Promoting moderate levels of physical activity among people with disabilities is an important goal for public health and public policy, as regular physical activity improves well-being and contributes to the prevention or delay of chronic disease. Little is known about why the majority of people with disabilities fail to integrate regular physical activityRead MoreSports and Fitness Center3804 Words   |  16 Pageshealth and functioning, people with disabilities are far less likely to engage in physically active lifestyles than are people without disabilities. Promoting moderate levels of physical activity among people with disabilities is an important goal for public health and public policy, as regular physical activity improves well-being and contributes to the prevention or delay of chronic disease. Little is known about why the majority of people with disabilities fail to integrate regular physical activityRead MoreEarly Life As A Social Determinant Of Health1403 Words   |  6 Pagesdeterminant is now described as the factors and environments that can influence development and lifelong healt h and wellbeing (Maggi et al., 2010). These factors interact with one another and include; social interactions, physical environment, living conditions, learning environments and socio-political context (Maggi et al., 2010). The societal influences on early life are determined by a variety of factors, ranging from access to survival necessities to income inequality (Maggi et al., 2010). DevelopingRead MoreInterdisciplinary Early Childhood Education Standard II Rationale for IECE KTS II789 Words   |  3 Pagesmaximize the opportunities for full inclusion. The second component is a research-based Three-Tiered approach for Addressing Challenging Behavior. It includes strategies to prevent challenging behavior, support social-emotional competencies, and address chronic patterns of misbehavior. I also included a reflective analysis that connects my thoughts and practices from my CMP with my two student teaching placements. Finally, I have selected several lesson plan analyses and observation forms that were observedRead MoreSocial Work : A Field Of Interest Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesan assistant social worker at an adult day health center, where I provide care and services for older adults who have d evelopmental disabilities. The majority of our participants are senior citizens. As an assistant social worker, I am required to complete all treatment plans, assessments, behavior logs, meal benefit forms, transportation services, and supportive counseling groups. I also take the participants on field trips to the community and expose them to resources available to them. I improveRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Within The United States2211 Words   |  9 Pagesin which they have been studied. Some studies suggest that neglect is the most prevalent type of child abuse in this country. Kaplan, Schene, DePanfilis, and Gilmore assert that neglect becomes chronic when its occurrence is not only ongoing, but seriously deprives a child of basic physical, developmental, and/or emotional needs by someone who cares for them. Whatever the definitions, all referenced texts in this essay agree that child abuse, its impacts, as well as its victims, merit considerationRead MoreChallenges Int egrating Students With Disabilities6780 Words   |  28 Pagesintegrating students with disabilities into the campus milieu, despite social, legislative, and technological policies designed to provide equal opportunities in higher education. Education about the rights and necessary supports to further inclusion of students with disabilities in campus programs and activities is key for student affairs practitioners. Over the past 25 years since the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the number of students with disabilities enrolled in postsecondaryRead MoreEssay Psych Research3628 Words   |  15 Pagesconsists of children ages 2-18 with a variety of child mental health problems (e.g. ADHD, Anxiety, adjustment problems), there is the opportunity to provide specialized services to patients referred by Deaconess-Riley specialists (e.g. Autism, Developmental Delays, childhood diabetes, endocrinology etc.) Requirements: Ph. D. or Psy.D. in child psychology/pediatri c psychology including completion of an internship in an APA-accredited child psychology program and licensed (or license eligible) in the

Overview of Ames Test Free Essays

The AMES test also known as bacteria reversed mutation assay is used to evaluate the mutagenic properties of test articles. The test was first developed by Bruce Ames in 1974 (Krebsfaenger). The amino acid dependent strain of S. We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of Ames Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now typhimurium and E. coli are used in this experiment where in the absence of the external histidine source, the cells cannot grow to form colonies. Specifically these strains of Salmonella are defective in 1. ) Repair of mutations (uvrB) and 2. A rfa mutation (eliminating a portion of lipolysaccharide (a coating of outer bacterial surface)). The rfa mutation here fulfills two purposes: 1. ) Helps Salmonella in growing in presence of sodium desoxycholate or crystal violet. and 2. ) Increases the cell permeability allowing more mutagen to enter the cell. The lack of uvrB gene in the decreases the rate of repair mechanism of mutations occurring resulting in the increased incidences of occurring mutations. These auxotrophic strain cannot grow on the media without histidine and biotine (due to uvrB). If these organisms are allowed to grow on the media lacking both of these, the strain get converted to prototroph resulting the organisms to grow on the mutagenic chemicals to be tested in the media. If the chemical being tested is mutagenic, the organisms will grow as some substance are capable of causing mutations in the cells at same site or at nearby sites resulting in restoring gene’s function and these mutations in the cells can revert back the gene regaining its function (Tejs). These revertant cells are then able to grow on the media which does not contain histdine as it can now synthesize histidine on its own. This mutation causes the cells to divide continuously. If there is no further mutation occurring in the cell, the cells will die out like normal cell. But if any further mutation occurs which allows the cells to grow for many generations, then the cancerous cells will be formed. The principle of Ames test is specifically based on the hypothesis that any substance that is mutagenic for the bacteria used in this test may also turn out to be carcinogenic (compound causing cancer). The most important limiting points of the Ames test includes first an assumption that though Ames test is being tested on prokaryotic microorganisms, it will detect the mutagens or cancer causing agents in human beings. (Though this test uses rat liver enzymes, Ames test is not able to serve the perfect model for human beings. ) Secondly, mutagens found by this test might not be carcinogenic i. e. further test may be required. also all carcinogens are not mutagens ( i. e. Ames test is unable to find such agents eg: asbestos). Third, some nitrate containing compounds lie nitroglycerine can cause false positive production by producing nitric oxide. ? Works Cited 1. Krebsfaenger, Niels. â€Å"AMES TEST: Bacterial Reversed Mutation Assay. † Genpharmtox, Assay Sheet AMES TEST. Gen Pharm Tox, n. d. Web. 21 Nov 2012. . 2. Tejs, Sebastian. â€Å"The Ames Test: A methodological Short Review. † Environmental Biotechnology. Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, n. d. Web. 27 Nov 2012. . 3. How to cite Overview of Ames Test, Essay examples

Environmental Engineering Water Treatment Processes †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Engineering Water Treatment Processes. Answer: Introduction Treating water and safely storing it in the home are commonly referred to as ?household water treatment and safe storage or treating water at the ?point of use. Although household water treatment is not new, its recognition as a key strategy for improving public health is just emerging. For centuries, households have used a variety of methods for improving the appearance and taste of drinking-water. Successive generations were taught to boil water, expose it to the sun or store it in metal containers with biocide properties, all in an effort to make it safer to drink. It is recognized that the best way to reduce the risks associated with drinking unsafe water is by using the multi-barrier approach. Each step in this approach, from source protection, through water treatment to safe storage, provides an incremental protection against unsafe drinking-water. The concept of the multi-barrier approach is part of water safety plans, the principles of which can be applied at both community and household levels. Both conventional community and household systems follow the same basic water treatment process: sedimentation, filtration and disinfection (Fig below ). A typical community-level system that relies on surface water, for example, may incorporate source protection (drawing water from a deep inlet away from shore), assisted sedimentation (using coagulants), filtration (rapid sand) and disinfection (with ozone and chlorine to minimize recontamination during distribution). The Role Of Waste Water Treatment And Storage Waste water treatment and storage can help improve water quality at the point of consumption, especially when drinking-water sources are distant, unreliable or unsafe. However, waste water treatment and storage should be viewed primarily as a stopgap measure only; it does not replace the obligation of a service provider to provide access to safe drinking-water. It is intended for people who have no access to improved drinking-water sources, for people with access to improved sources outside of their home or premises (i.e. when contamination can occur during transport and storage), for people with unreliable piped supplies who have to store water to bridge the gaps between deliveries, and for people in emergency situations. Waste water treatment and storage can contribute to global efforts to provide universal access to safe drinking water. In many settings, both rural and urban, populations have access to sufficient quantities of water, but that water is unsafe as a result of microbiological or chemical contamination. This is increasingly true even for piped water. Supplies are rarely provided on a continuous basis, leading to faecal contamination of poorly maintained distribution systems and forcing households to store water in ways that can be easily recontaminated. For those who did not have access to sufficient quantities of water that requires treatment to remove pathogens, Waste water treatment and storage made a direct contribution to the Millennium Development Goal water target. Waste water treatment and storage has the potential to advance several health and development aims. There is evidence that the correct and consistent use of effective waste water treatment and storage among those relying on contaminated water supplies can prevent diarrhoeal diseases, a major killer among young children. Because enteric infection interferes with normal absorption of nutrients, waste water treatment and storage also has the potential for alleviating hunger. In conclusion Implementation experience suggests that waste water treatment and storage: ? dramatically improves microbiological water quality; ? can significantly reduce diarrhea disease if used correctly and consistently by a vulnerable population; ? is highly cost-effective; and ? can be quickly implemented and taken up by vulnerable populations. Waste water treatment and storage can contribute to the Sustainable development goals on water target while advancing other health and development goals. Providing safe, reliable, piped-in water to every household is an essential goal. However, the resources needed to construct, operate and maintain a piped community water supply system are not always available. Waste water treatment and storage can provide the health benefits of safe drinking-water while progress is being made in improving water supply infrastructure. Piped water systems and waste water treatment and storage should not be viewed in competition with one another; rather, they are complementary and both play a role in providing safe water and improving health. Resources should not be diverted from piped systems to support waste water treatment and storage programmers. Results Raw Water valuation Phase Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity units) UV254_10cm DOC Colour (Pt/Co) Remarks Raw water Trial 2 0.274 8.779 32 Table 1 Turbidity From this initial raw water quality assessment, there is a clear detection of greater turbidity of 2.00 NTU as measured using HACH2100 Turbidimeter, this is an indication that there is a greater availability and presence of very fine clay particles. Hence, this water is not recommended for drinking until its purification takes place, since the proportion for turbidity for conducive water to be taken is supposed to be less than 0.1 Nephelometric turbidity units UV Absorbance (UV254) From this initial raw water quality assessment, there is greater indication that the raw water contains dissolve organic compounds with aromatic structures from natural organic materials, as per the record of 0.274, the water hence in recommendation is not suitable for drinking until the purification procedure takes place. Colour from the record of the initial quality assessment of raw water the water colour is found to be 32 Pt/Co, hence the water is able to absorb the light in the visible spectra range, a clear indication that the water contains dissolved minerals, dyes or humic acid from either plants or animals, water state is not recommended for drinking since recommended drinking water should contain below 3 Pt/Co Dissolved organic Carbon From the record of the initial water assessment quality the DOC recorded is 8.779, this is a clear indication that the water contains more dissolved organic carbon, hence the water is not recommended for drinking Optimum dosage of FeCl3.6H2O FeCl3.6H2O (mg/L) 5.00 10.00 25.00 50.00 Turbidity (NTU) 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Colour (Pt/Co)) 21.00 30.00 0.00 -4.00 DOC 7.471 6.774 3.437 2.777 UV254_10cm 0.27 0.27 0.07 0.0652 Table 2 Turbidity The addition of ferric chloride in dosage on the initial raw water is observed to be reducing the turbidity from the initial 2 NTU to 1 NTU, 1 NTU, 1 NTU, 0 NTU on the dosage of 5.00 milligram per litre, 10.00 milligram per litre, 25.00 milligram per litre, 50.00 milligram per litre respectively of ferric chloride, this is an indication that that at 50 milligrams per litre ferric chloride the water is perfectly having no cloudiness. UV Absorbance (UV254) The addition of ferric chloride in dosage on the initial raw water is observed to be reducing the UV absorbance from initial 0.274 to 0,27, 0.27, 0.07 and 0.0652 on the dosage of 5.00 milligram per litre, 10.00 milligram per litre, 25.00 milligram per litre, 50.00 milligram per litre respectively of ferric chloride, this is an indication that much part of dissolve organic compounds with aromatic structure has reacted with the ferric chloride and have be been removed. Colour The addition of ferric chloride in dosage on the initial raw water is observed to be reducing the colour from initial 32 Pt/Co to 21 Pt/Co, 0 Pt/Co and -4 Pt/Co on the dosage of 5.00 milligram per litre , 10.00 milligram per litre, 25.00 milligram per litre, 50.00 milligram per litre respectively of ferric chloride, this is an indication that much part of dissolved minerals, dyes or humic acid from either plants or animals has been removed from their reaction with ferric chloride dosage, hence the water is perfectly colourless. Dissolved organic Carbon The addition of ferric chloride in dosage on the initial raw water is observed to be reducing the dissolve organic carbon from initial 8.779 to 7.471, 6.774, 3.437 and 2.777 on the dosage of 5.00 milligram per litre, 10.00 milligram per litre, 25.00 milligram per litre, 50.00 milligram per litre respectively of ferric chloride, this is an indication that more dissolve organic carbon have been removed from their reaction with ferric chloride Graphical presentation of impact on ferric chloride on the raw water Cl features for raw H2O Date Time Total chlorine (mg-Cl2/L) Remarks MQ Raw water 5.00 mg/L FeCl3 10.00 mg/L FeCl3 25.00 mg/L FeCl3 50.00 mg/L FeCl3 0.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 5 0.84 0.93 1.09 1.44 1.41 10 0.56 0.64 0.89 1.35 1.27 20 0.23 0.62 0.73 1.20 1.18 Table 3 From the table of chlorine decay for raw water and water containing ferric chloride, it observed that decay is decreasing with time in all the cases, but the water containing the dosage of ferric chloride at different amount having greater decay respectively as compared to the raw water. This is a clear indication that the raw water had greater availability of microorganism or pathogens as compared respectively to the water with different dosage of ferric chloride, hence lesser used. THM levels in treated, raw and MQ water Date Trihalomethane Before Cl deterioration trial for 50.00 milligram per litre ferric chloride added sample After Cl deterioration trial for 50.00 milligram per litre ferric chloride added sample 0.00 3.00 Table 4 It is observed that the Trihalomethane after Chlorine decay test for 50.00 milligram per litre ferric chloride is higher as compared to before Conclusion In conclusion, for effective water treatment to be recommended for drinking must be able to contain lesser turbidity, lesser UV absorbance, colorless in color and lesser DOC, and all this can be achive by dosage of ferric chloride in the raw water and injection of chlorine at the end to kill the pathogens, during the process of water treatment